Basics of Networking

What is Network:

It is a group of connected devices to share data, information and to communicate with each other.

What is Networking:

            The process of configuring networking devices to make a network for communication is called networking.

Networking devices are 

• Hub
• Bridge
• Switch and
• Router...etc

Hub:

            A hub is a multi port device. It is used to connect over a LAN segment

It is Broadcast only

Works on Half-duplex.

They are two types of HUB’s they are;

  1. Passive hub

  2. Active hub

Hub has           One broad cast domain

One collision domain 

Bridge:

A Bridge is a network device that connects two similar network segments together. The primary function of a bridge is to keep traffic separated on both sides of the bridge. Traffic is allowed to pass through the bridge only if the transmission is intended for a station on the opposite side. A switch can be thought of as a hardware-based multiport bridge.

Switch:

            Switches are used to connect multiple devices on the same network within a building or campus. For example, a switch can connect your computers, printers and servers, creating a network of shared resources. The switch, one aspect of your networking basics, would serve as a controller, allowing the various devices to share information and talk to each other. Through information sharing and resource allocation, switches save you money and increase productivity.

A switch works on the MAC address.

There are two basic types of switches to choose from as part of your networking basics: managed and unmanaged.

An unmanaged switch works out of the box and does not allow you to make changes. Home-networking equipment typically offers unmanaged switches.

A managed switch allows you access to program it. This provides greater flexibility to your networking basics because the switch can be monitored and adjusted locally or remotely to give you control over network traffic, and who has access to your network.

Switch has       One broadcast domain

               One Collision domain per port

Router:

It is a device to connect different types of networks. It is a layer 3 device. It works on the ip address.

Routers, the second valuable component of your networking basics, are used to tie multiple networks together. For example, you would use a router to connect your networked computers to the Internet and thereby share an Internet connection among many users. The router will act as a dispatcher, choosing the best route for your information to travel so that you receive it quickly.

Routers analyze the data being sent over a network, change how it is packaged, and send it to another network, or over a different type of network. They connect your business to the outside world, protect your information from security threats, and can even decide which computers get priority over others.

Router has       One Broadcast domain per port

 One Collision domain per port

 Features of router:

·         Carry network protocols and there functions

·         Connecting high-speed traffic between devices

·         Adding security to control access and prevent unauthorized access

·         Provide scalability for easy of growth

·         Supply network reliability for connected recourses.

Types of router:

1.      Fixed (non-modular)   - we can’t add new extra ports

2.      Modular                      - we can add extra ports

Again two types they are a) Manageable         - we can configure

                                                     b) Non-manageable -we can’t configure, only plug and play.

Routing:

            The procedure of connecting two or more different networks

(or)

The procedure of define routes, protocols and to find best path in them by using algorithms and provide security .

Routing protocol:

            It is used to determine the best path for the packets are data to travel from source to destination

Routed protocol:

            Which carries the data in the established path. Routed protocols are always assigned to an interface and determine the method of packet delivery.

Ex of routed protocols are TCP, UDP, IP, IPX, SPX, Apple talk.

IP routing:

            It is the procedure of moving packets from one network to another between router Is called IP routing.

They are three types of routing

1. Static routing
2. Default routing
3. Dynamic routing

Static routing	Dynamic routing
Adv: 1.  No over load on the router	Adv: 1.  Automatically it will updates all the routes
Disadv: 1. Over burden on the administrator 2.  Manually assign all the routes 3.  If there any down in interface it will not update automatically.	Disadv: 1.  Over load on the router 2.  High cpu usage 3.  High end routers has to be used

Dynamic routing types:

1.   Distance vector                                               -  RIP, IGRP
2.   Link state                                                        -  OSPF, IS-IS (intermediate system)
3.  Hybrid (or) Advance distance vector              -  EIGRP
4.  Path vector                                                      -  EGP, BGP