·
It will assign IP address dynamically to the clients
·
It will works on DORA process
·
Port numbers are 67 – for client, 68 – for server
·
DORA – Discover Offer Request Acknowledgment
Saturday, May 30, 2015
Default Gateway and APIPA
All the PC’s connected with in the Network is communicated
with other network devices by using this Default-Gateway only
ISP Bandwidth Management (Traffic Shaping)
Scenario:
Allocating particular amount of
bandwidth for users in LAN
Step1>
We first need to configure the basic LAN
and WAN settings on the firewall.
Internet Access for specific IP Range
Scenario:
We have to configure firewall such that only computer with specific IP can
access the internet.
Initial Setup of the Fortinet firewall
By default the unit will be in factory
settings.
(Note: Local computer should have the
same IP range i.e. 192.168.1.x)
The
Fortinet Firewall has a predefined IP which is 192.168.1.99 on its internal interface.
We have to connect the ISP cable to the either WAN1 or WAN2 port
and the local computers should be connected to the any of the 6 ports on the internal side of the firewall.
Step 1
Then
to access the GUI of the Fortinet Firewall we need to put the IP address https://192.168.1.99
in the browser of the explorer
IP addressing
Comparision between IP address and MAC address
|
IP (Internet Protocol)/
logical address
|
MAC (Media
access control)
address/
Physical address
|
|
It is a 32 bit
address [8.8.8.8]
|
It is a 48 bit
address [8:8:8:8:8:8]
|
|
It is represented in
doted decimal representation
|
It is represented in
hexadecimal representation
|
|
It is used to uniquely
identify a device within different network
|
It is used to uniquely
identify a device within the same network
|
|
|
Note: first 24 bits
represents manufacturer
Last 24 bits represents device
|
List of Protocols and there Port numbers
Protocol
|
Port number
|
Protocol Used
|
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
|
20 - for data
21 - for connection establishing
|
TCP/UDP
TCP
|
SFTP
Secure File Transfer Protocol
|
22
|
TCP
|
SSH
Secure Shell Protocol
|
22
|
TCP
|
Telnet
|
23
|
TCP
|
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
|
25
|
TCP |
TCP/IP Utilities
TCP/IP
Utilities
it is used to troubleshoot and to maintain a
Network without any Problems
- PING (Packet Internet Gopher)
Ping is used to find the connected device is
alive are not. Ping uses a special protocol called ICMP (Internet Control
Message Protocol)
We can check it for Connected devices, websites, DNS, DHCP and
Print server etc
- Tracert
It
is similar to Ping, it identifies the path through which the packets is going
to reach the Destination.
Monday, May 18, 2015
OSI Model:
OSI Model:
Open System
Interconnection is a reference model to describe how data communication takes
place between one computer to other computer in a network.
it was proposed by
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
- OSI is evolved from experiences with ARPANET
Format Layer Brief Function
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Data -- Application Layer -- DHCP,
FTP, HTTP
Data -- Presentation Layer -- File type ex: JPEG, TXT;
Compression
Data -- Session Layer -- Security, connection
establishment, connection release, type of communication
Segment -- Transport Layer --
Error control, messages to segments, TCP/UDP
Packet -- Network Layer -- Logical Address & Translation logical to Physical
address
Frame -- Data link Layer -- Raw data to logical structure called Frame, A
Sunday, May 17, 2015
Cable types
Types of connecting cables:
1. Straight cable
2. Cross cable
3. Roll over cable
Note:
- For similar devices we will use Cross Cables.
- For different Devices we will use Straight Cables.
- For configuration through console port we will use Roll over Cable.
Types of Media used in Networking
Physical Media:
1. Coaxial cables:
Ethernet based LANs using thick cable for inter-connection is referred
as Thicknet. While ethernet systems using thinner coaxial cable is referred as
Thinnet.
Thicknet is also referred as 10Base5 systems, where 10 means 10Mbps speed. Base
means baseband and 5 denotes 500 meter max. distance between nodes/repeaters.
RG-8/U cable is used as thick cable in thicknet based LAN network.
Thinnet is also referred as 10Base2, where 2 denotes 200 m max.distance between
two nodes/repeaters. RG-58/U is used as thin cable in thinnet based LAN
network.
Saturday, May 16, 2015
Different types of Topologys
Physical topology's :
- BUS
- STAR Topology
- TREE Topology
- RING
- MESH Topology
Bus topology:
In bus topology all computers attached to a single continues cable that is terminated at both ends
- A “ T ” connector is inserted in the main cable whenever a station need to connect
- To avoid the loops and to generating signals we will use terminators at both ends of the cable
Types & Ways of Communications
Types of communications :
1: Simplex
communication: It is a only one way communication.
Ex: television, radio
Types of network
Types of network:
- PAN - personal area network
- CAN - campus area network
- LAN - local area network
- MAN - metropolitan area network
- WAN - wide area network
PAN:
A personal area network is a computer area network used for
data transmission among devices such as computers, modems, and printer.
LAN:
A local area network is a computer network that interconnects
computers within a limited area such as home, school or organisation within a
moderate sized geographical area. The speed of LAN is very fast.
Basics of Networking
What is Network:
It is a group of
connected devices to share data, information and to communicate with each other.
What is Networking:
The
process of configuring networking devices to make a network for communication is called networking.
Networking devices are
- Hub
- Bridge
- Switch and
- Router...etc
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